Signal’s Meredith Whittaker: AI is fundamentally ‘a surveillance technology’
Whittaker explained her perspective that AI is largely inseparable from the big data and targeting industry perpetuated by the likes of Google and Meta, as well as less consumer-focused but equally prominent enterprise and defense companies. (Her remarks lightly edited for clarity.)
inseparable: 떼어 놓을 수 없는
perpetuated: 계속되는
defense company: 방위산업체
targeting industry: 산업을 대상으로 하는
“It requires the surveillance business model; it’s an exacerbation of what we’ve seen since the late ’90s and the development of surveillance advertising. AI is a way, I think, to entrench and expand the surveillance business model,” she said. “The Venn diagram is a circle.”
exacerbation: 격화, 악화, 분노
entrench: 단단히 자리를 잡게 하다
Ironically, she pointed out, the data that underlies these systems is frequently organized and annotated (a necessary step in the AI dataset assembly process) by the very workers at whom it can be aimed.
by the very workers at whom it can be aimed 그것이 목표가 될 수 있는 노동자들에 의해서
“There’s no way to make these systems without human labor at the level of informing the ground truth of the data — reinforcement learning with human feedback, which again is just kind of tech-washing precarious human labor. It’s thousands and thousands of workers paid very little, though en masse it’s very expensive, and there’s no other way to create these systems, full stop,” she explained. “In some ways what we’re seeing is a kind of Wizard of Oz phenomenon, when we pull back the curtain there’s not that much that’s intelligent.”
at the level of informing the ground truth of the data 그 데이터의 사실을 알리는 수준에서
reinforcement learning 강화형 기계학습
precarious 불안정한, 위태로운
en masse 집단으로
pull back the curtain 커튼을 열어
Not all AI and machine learning systems are equally exploitative, though. When I asked if Signal uses any AI tools or processes in its app or development work, she confirmed that the app has a “small on-device model that we didn’t develop, we use it off the shelf, as part of the face blur feature in our media editing toolset. It’s not actually that good… but it helps detect faces in crowd photos and blur them, so that when you share them on social media you’re not revealing people’s intimate biometric data to, say, Clearview.”
exploitative 착취하는
biometric 생물 통계학적
“But here’s the thing. Like… yeah, that’s a great use of AI, and doesn’t that just disabuse us of all this negativity I’ve been throwing out onstage,” she added. “Sure, if that were the only market for facial recognition… but let’s be clear. The economic incentives that drive the very expensive process of developing and deploying facial recognition technology would never let that be the only use.”
disabuse 바로잡아 주다
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